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Igor Kurchatov
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov ((ロシア語:И́горь Васи́льевич Курча́тов); 12 January 1903 – 7 February 1960), was a Soviet nuclear physicist who is widely known as the director of the Soviet atomic bomb project. Along with Georgy Flyorov and Andrei Sakharov, Kurchatov is widely remembered and dubbed as the "father of the Soviet atomic bomb" for his directorial role in the development of the Soviet nuclear program, in a clandestine program during World War II formed in the wake of the USSR's discovery of the Western Allied efforts to develop nuclear weapons. After nine years of covert development, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first nuclear weapon, codenamed ''First Lightning'' at the Semipalatinsk Test Range in 1949. In 1954 he was awarded the USSR State Prize in physics.
From 1940 onward, Kurchatov worked and contributed advancing the nuclear weapons program, and later advocated for the peaceful development of nuclear technology. In 1950, Kurchatov contributed in the development of the Hydrogen bomb with Andrei Sakharov who originated this development as ''Sakharov's Third Idea''. Other projects completed under Kurchatov included the installation and development of Soviet Union's first particle accelerator, the Cyclotron, inauguration and established of Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the first commercial nuclear power plant in Obninsk, and the completion and launching of the ''Lenin'', the first nuclear-power vessel, under his leadership, in 1959.
==Biography==
Kurchatov was born in Simsky Zavod, Ufa Governorate (now the town of Sim, Chelyabinsk Oblast) in the family of a chartered surveyor. He was of Russian ethnicity.〔()〕 After completing Simferopol gymnasium №1, he enrolled at the Physics Physics Department of the Crimea State University, earning his doctorate degree in Physics from there, under the supervision of Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Kurchatov also studied at the Polytechnical Institute in Petrograd where he earned his degrees in naval engineering.
After studying Physics and Naval engineering, Kurchatov was a research assistant at the faculty of Physics of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Baku and later he researched under Dr. Abram Fedorovich Ioffe at the Physico-Technical Institute on various problems connected with radioactivity. In 1932, he received funding for his own nuclear science research team, which built the Soviet Union's first cyclotron particle accelerator in 1939.
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